Agent Interconnection Standards Research Report: from protocol wars to emerging rules — GB/Z 185, MCP, A2A and the international landscape

Abstract

A ten-chapter research report (published 2026-09-03) mapping the agent-interconnection standards landscape: the three-layer picture (de-facto standards MCP/A2A/AGENTS.md; international formal standards IETF/NIST/ISO-IEC; China national standards GB/Z 185 series), a part-by-part analysis of GB/Z 185.1-185.7 (five concept domains and 12 functional modules in the overall architecture, the OID nine-layer identity-code structure with unified social credit code compatibility, lifecycle identity management, capability profiles, multi-centre discovery with LAN/factory-network auto-discovery, point-to-point/group/hybrid interaction modes, and a five-entity tool-invocation architecture), the MCP 2026-07-28 stateless turn, A2A v1.0 and AAIF governance, the IETF transition from BoF to working group, NIST and other SDO moves, a standards-maturity coordinate reading, security attack surfaces and gaps, and industry implications. Notably disciplined sourcing: chapter 10 traces every quantifiable claim to verifiable references (SAMA announcement No.22 of 2026, MIIT interpretation, openstd.samr.gov.cn, CAICT report). One claim to re-verify before citing: the report counts 8 national standardization guidance documents in the series while other sources say 7 parts.